Midras 1 Raja-raja 13:2: Kohelet Rabbah, Pesikta DeRav Kahana, Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition) & Midrash Tanchuma

Another matter, “a time to be born” – from the time to be born, it is the time to die. From the moment that a person is born, it is decreed upon him how many years he will live. If he merits, he will complete his years. If not, his life will be shortened, as it is written: “The fear of the Lord will increase days, but the years of the wicked will be shortened” (Proverbs 10:27). This is the opinion of Rabbi Akiva. The Rabbis say: If he merits, his life will be extended; if not, his life will be shortened. If he merits, his life will be extended, as it is stated: “Behold, I will add fifteen years to your days” (Isaiah 38:5). He said to them: From his own it is added to him.⁸If one had his original life expectancy shortened, it will be restored. Thus, regarding the verse cited from Isaiah, the fifteen years restored Hezekiah to his original life expectancy. Know [that this is so,] as it is written: “Behold, a son is born to the house of David, Josiah is his name…” (I Kings 13:2), and Menashe⁹The order of the succession of the monarchy was Hezekiah, Menashe, Amon, Josiah. had not yet entered the world.¹⁰The prophecy about Josiah had been delivered hundreds of years earlier. When Hezekiah was granted the additional fifteen years, Menashe, his son, had not yet been born. Clearly, from the outset, Hezekiah was always supposed to have lived long enough to beget Menashe, Josiah’s grandfather. They said to him: Is it written: A son will be born to the house of David from Hezekiah? That is not stated, but rather “to the house of David,” [and it could have been] a son from a different [branch] of the royal house of David.
This supports what the Sages, our rabbis said: There was an incident involving one of the prominent men of Tzippori, who had occasion to circumcise [his son], and the residents of Ein Te’ena came up to honor him and Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta came up with them. When they came to the city gates, they came across the sound of lads standing and playing before one courtyard. They saw Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta, who was distinguished and handsome. They said to him: ‘You will not move from here until you dance for us a bit.’ He said to them: ‘This is inappropriate for me, as I am an elderly man.’ He reprimanded them, but they were not daunted and did not submit. He lifted his glance and saw that the courtyard [was going to be] overturned.¹¹Due to their impudence in insisting that Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta dance for them, the courtyard would be destroyed. He said to them: ‘Repeat after me what I say: Go and say to this owner of this courtyard: “If you are sleeping, awaken, as the beginning of sin is sweet but its end is bitter.”’ From the sound of their words the owner of that courtyard awakened, and he emerged, and fell at [Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta’s] feet. He said: ‘Rabbi, I beg of you, do not pay attention to their words, as they are young and foolish.’ [Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta] said to him: ‘What can we do for you, the edict has already been issued.¹²The courtyard will be destroyed. However, I will delay it for you [so you have enough] time to take out everything that you have in the courtyard.’ When he had taken out everything that he had in the courtyard, that courtyard was lifted up and then crashed down [and was destroyed].
They went to fulfill the mitzva of circumcision, and the father of the boy was giving them aged wine to drink, and saying: ‘Drink of this fine wine, as I trust in the Master of Heaven that I will [also] give you to drink of it at his wedding.’ They answered him: ‘Just as you brought him to circumcision, so may you bring him to Torah and to the wedding canopy.’ From the sound of their words, Rabbi Shimon bar Ḥalafta emerged into the darkness,¹³He set out to return home even though it was night. he was accosted by the emissary of the people.¹⁴The angel of death. [The angel of death] said to him: ‘Is it because you rely on your good deeds that you are going out at a time that is not a time?’¹⁵For people to be outside. [Rabbi Shimon bar Ḥalafta] said to him: ‘You, who are you?’ He said to him: ‘I am the emissary of the people.’ He said to him: ‘Why do you look forlorn?’ He said: ‘It is from the sound of the harsh words that I hear from people every day.’ He said to him: ‘What are they?’ He said to him: ‘That baby that you circumcised today, I have the document of his [fate, which states] that I am to take him from here in thirty days. His father gave you to drink and said: “Drink this fine wine as I trust in the Master of Heaven that I will give you to drink of it at his wedding.” I heard and I was sad, because your prayer¹⁶The prayer the guests had said to the father: ‘Just as you brought him to circumcision, so may you bring him to Torah and to the wedding canopy.’ abrogates it.’ [Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta] said to him: ‘By your life, show me my fate.’ He said to him: ‘I have no control over yours and not over your colleagues.’ He said to him: ‘Why?’ He said: ‘It is because each and every day you exert yourself in Torah and mitzvot and perform acts of righteousness, and the Holy One blessed be He adds years to your lifetimes.’ He said to him: ‘May it be the will of the Holy One blessed be He that just as you do not control our fates, so you will not have license to violate our words and our plea for mercy from Heaven.’ The baby lived.¹⁷This proves that, contrary to Rabbi Akiva’s statement, people can live beyond their predetermined life expectancy.
Rabbi Akiva said: What is [the significance of] this incident for us? I do not have an incident, but rather a verse: “I will fill the number of your days” (Exodus 23:26). Moses, how many mitzvot did he fulfill and how many acts of righteousness, and ultimately, it was stated to him: “Behold, your days are approaching to die” (Deuteronomy 31:14); that is: “A time to be born [and a time to die].”
Another matter, “a time to be born and a time to die” – when a man is born, the Holy One blessed be He waits up to twenty years for him to marry a woman. If he reached the age of twenty and did not marry a woman, the Holy One blessed be He says to him: It is “a time to be born” for you,¹⁸A time for you to have children. but you did not wish to do so; this is nothing other than “a time to die.” Some say: One waits only a bit before that which will burn him.¹⁹Since a man is liable to lose his life if he is not married by the age of twenty, he would do well not to wait until close to that age, and marry even before the age of twenty.
“A time to plant,” in peacetime; “and a time to uproot that which is planted,” in wartime.

Rabbi Yudan opened: "Choice silver is the tongue of the righteous; the heart of evildoers is worth little" (Prov. 10:20). "Choice silver is the tongue of the righteous" -- this is the testimony of the prophet. "The heart of evildoers is worth little" -- that is Jeroboam. Thus it is written, "And behold, a man of God came from Judah with the word of Hashem [to Beth El; and Jeroboam stood by the altar to burn incense]" (1 Kings 13:1). "And [the man of God] called out on the altar by the word of Hashem, and he said, 'Altar! O altar!'" (1 Kings 13:2). And why [did he call out] "Altar! O altar!" two times? Said Rabbi Abba bar Kahana, [he was calling out to] the altar that was in Beth El, and the altar that was in Dan (see 1 Kings 12:29). What did he call out on it? "Behold, a son is born to the House of David, [and] Josiah is his name. And upon you he shall slaughter the priests of the high places that burn incense upon you" (1 Kings 13:2). "And the bones of Jeroboam will be burned upon you" is not written here; rather, "and the bones of a man will be burned upon you" (ibid.). It teaches that he paid homage to the kingship, as it is written, "And it was that when the king heard the word of the man of God, who had called out on the altar in Beth El, that Jeroboam stretched out his arm above the altar and cried, 'Seize him!'" (1 Kings 13:4). Rabbi Huna in the name of Rabbi Idi, the Place takes greater pity on the honor of the righteous than on His own honor -- [Jeroboam] was standing and sacrificing to an idol and his hand did not wither, but the moment he stretched out his hand against a righteous man, his hand withered. Thus it says, "And the hand withered that he had stretched out against [the man of God]" (ibid.). "And the king answered and said to the man of God, 'Entreat please on my behalf to the face of Hashem your God, and pray for me'" (1 Kings 13:6). Two [amoraim] commented [on this verse]. One said, [it is notable that Jeroboam said,] "your God" and not "my God." And the other said, how could he call Him "my God" when he was standing and sacrificing before an idol, and he was calling it "my god"? Nevertheless, "the man of God entreated the face of Hashem, and the king’s hand was restored, and became as it was before" (ibid.). What is "as it was before"? Rabbi Berachya, Rabbi Yuda bar Simon in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: "Though thou shouldst grind a fool in a mortar among crushed grain with a pestle, yet will his foolishness not depart from him" (Prov. 27:22, Koren tr.). Just as before he would stand and sacrifice to an idol, so too afterwards he would stand and sacrifice to an idol. Another interpretation: "Refined silver is the tongue of the righteous" (Prov. 10:20) -- that is the Holy One Blessed be He, who chose the tongue of Moses, and said, "When you take a census of the Children of Israel " (Ex. 30:12; see Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 6:4).

But what of the above cited passages, which indeed contradict each other? I saw the Lord, is to be explained by the following Baraitha: All the other prophets contemplated [Deity] through a dim speculum, while Moses contemplated [Deity] through a lucid speclum. (Ib. 55, 6) See ye the Lord while He may be found, could be explained that it refers to an individual, while Moses refers to a community. And when is the time [to which Isaiah refers?] R. Nachman, in the name of Rabbi b. Abahu, said: "This refers to the ten days from New Year until the Day of Atonement." The number of thy days will I make full. This is explained by the following Tanaim, for we are taught in a Baraitha: All the other prophets contem make full. (Fol. 50) This refers to the years assigned to one when born, if one deserves through merits then he lives through the years due to him, but otherwise they are lessoned. This is according to the opinion of R. Akiba. But the other sages say that if one has merits, his years are added, and if one does not deserve by merits then his years are lessened. The sages then said to R. Akiba: "Behold the passage says And I will add unto thy days fifteen years, [hence it is more than his assigned portion?]" To which he replied: "This means that they were added from his own allotment [after their prior decision to have taken it off.] The following will prove [that the fifteen years were from his own allotment] for prior to that sickness the prophet delivered a prophecy saying (I Kings 13, 2) Behold, a child will be born unto the house of David. Josiah (Yeshiyahu) by name, although at the time of Ezekiah's sickness M'nashe has not yet been born by Ezekiah [hence he was originally destined to live these fifteen years.]" The Rabbis, however, argued: "Is it then written born unto Ezekiah? It is written unto the house of David, which refers either to Ezekiah or to some one else."